📚 Eksplorasi & Komparasi Topik Dokumen

INTEGRASI PROPERTI GEOMEKANIKA DALAM OPTIMASI JARAK ANTAR KLASTER UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN EFEK STRESS SHADOW PADA SUMUR HORIZONTAL MARCELLUS SHALE

Hydraulic fracturing has become the primary stimulation technique for economically developing unconventional shale reservoirs. However, suboptimal cluster spacing can intensify stress shadow between adjacent fractures, reducing fracture conductivity and ultimately limiting hydrocarbon recovery. This study aims to quantify the influence of stress shadow on fracture conductivity, evaluate its impact on horizontal well performance through coupled geomechanics–reservoir simulation, and determine the optimum cluster spacing for a Marcellus shale reservoir. A one-dimensional Mechanical Earth Model (1D MEM) was constructed using gamma ray, bulk density, compressional sonic, and shear sonic logs acquired from the Boggess 17H vertical well. Elastic properties, including static Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, were calculated to estimate the in-situ stress field, consisting of vertical stress, pore pressure, minimum horizontal stress, and net pressure. An analytical stress shadow model based on the Sneddon solution was subsequently employed to quantify induced stress and its effect on fracture conductivity for fracture halfheights ranging from 100 to 500 ft and cluster spacings between 0 and 500 ft. The calibrated geomechanical properties were spatially distributed into a three-dimensional reservoir model with tNavigator from RockFlowDynamics using Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) and integrated with hydraulic fracture and dynamic reservoir simulations in tNavigator. Seven cluster spacing scenarios, including the base case, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 ft, were evaluated using cumulative gas production, recovery factor, cumulative water production, gas drawdown, gas productivity index, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR). The analytical results indicate that induced stress decreases nonlinearly with increasing cluster spacing, leading to improved fracture conductivity, while the coupled simulations demonstrate that production performance is governed by the balance between stress shadow mitigation and fracture density. Among the evaluated scenarios, a cluster spacing of 45 ft yielded the highest EUR of 10.5 BSCF and representing a recovery factor of 31.85% compared with the non-hydraulic fracturing case. The proposed integrated workflow demonstrates that combining geomechanical characterization, analytical stress shadow quantification, hydraulic fracture simulation, and coupled reservoir simulation provides a technically robust framework for optimizing cluster spacing and improving completion design in unconventional shale reservoirs.